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Cardiovascular A newborn is found to have a loud pansystolic murmur at the left sternal edge. What is the most likely congenital defect?

Cardiovascular A patient has breathlessness that could be heart failure. Which blood test is useful, particularly for its high negative predictive value?

Endocrine & Metabolic A patient has a solitary thyroid nodule. Which combination of investigations is used to assess it?

Gastroenterology & Hepatology A patient has central abdominal pain that later localises to the right iliac fossa, with tenderness at McBurney's point and pain in the right iliac fossa on pre…

Infectious Diseases A patient develops acute osteomyelitis. Which organism is the most common cause overall, and which is characteristic in patients with sickle cell disease?

Musculoskeletal A patient with a known cancer develops new bone pain. Which primary cancers most commonly spread to bone?

Neurology A patient with a rising intracranial pressure develops hypertension, bradycardia and irregular breathing. What is this combination called?

Renal & Urology A patient's urine dipstick shows nitrites and leucocytes. What does this most suggest?

Respiratory A patient's respiratory symptoms and peak flow are worse at work and improve on holidays; a specific workplace agent is suspected. Besides removing exposure, wh…

Surgery A patient has not passed urine for several hours after surgery and has suprapubic discomfort with a palpable bladder. What is the most appropriate initial manag…